Rozvany, G.I.N.. (2001). Stress ratio and compliance based methods in topology optimization - A critical review.
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 21. 109-119. 10.1007/s001580050175.
Several currently popular methods of topology optimization are closely related to the classical Fully Stressed Design (FSD)/Stress
Ratio (SR) or Minimum Compliance (MC)/Uniform Energy Distribution (UED) methods. The ranges of validity of the above techniques
– and of recent variations on the same themes – are examined critically and possible extensions of their validity considered.
Particular attention is paid to so-called “hard-kill" or Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) or Adaptive Biological
Growth (ABG) methods and to the Generalized Stress Design (GSD) technique.
The problem (of Idealism in art) with 'Fountain' (1917) by Duchamp in contemporary art (towards the context of idealism historically) is that as an 'attention', that has the effect of eliminating the sense of reality, and the emphasis is on psychological effects ('affection' of artwork). And the "modelling" that is the basis of actual art is no longer valid. And it is replacing the position of art (in Humanities and Arts) with the critical theory of modern society. Politically, it was and is "banality", and culturally it was and is "triviality", which was and is towards German cultural history directly, as well as other hegemonic cultures clearly. -> Immersive noise or Immersion into noise?
- Object-oriented programming (OOP)
- Generic function
In computer programming, a generic function is a function defined for polymorphism.
Programming
R is an interpreted language; users can access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types 2+2
at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4.
R supports procedural programming with functions and, for some functions, object-oriented programming with generic functions.[28] Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object-oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages.[citation needed] Extending it is facilitated by its lexical scoping rules, which are derived from Scheme.[29] R uses S-expressions to represent both data and code.[citation needed] R's extensible object system includes objects for (among others): regression models, time-series and geo-spatial coordinates. Advanced users can write C, C++,[30] Java,[31] .NET[32] or Python code to manipulate R objects directly.[33]